Nuclear security education should include both theoretical and practical knowledge transfer. Practical knowledge is primarily acquired using measuring instruments; however, this typically requires the presence of a radiation source. At the same time, the use of real radioactive sources is accompanied by strict regulations, limitations, and risks.
In inactive conditions, when the radiation scenarios are carried out, ranging from simple signal measurements to complex exercises involving multiple participants and dynamic environments, the realism provided by actual measurements is lost. To address this, the Nuclear Security Department has established a training facility for educational purposes (outdoor and indoor training sites), where the use of real sources is locally permitted under “D” level physical protection. However, the use of high-activity sources (categories 2 and 3), their associated radiation fields, and radioactive surface contamination is strictly prohibited for educational purposes, in accordance with the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle.
To complete practical training without exposure to real radiation, the Nuclear Security Department has developed the Virtual Radiation Source Simulation System (VRSSS). This system models real-life radiation scenarios using electronic hardware and software tools, eliminating the need for actual ionizing radiation, real sources, or physical measuring detectors. Instead, it provides functional equivalents of these elements. Participants conduct and experience radiation measurement simulations, which are controlled and manipulated by an operator.
This system enables users to become familiar with radiation and radiation-related scenarios while using measuring devices. It allows practical training anywhere, anytime, for anyone, without risk and special permits.
